Sierra Leone has taken the first steps towards the establishment of a drone test corridor. The Directorate of Science, Technology, and Innovation (DSTI) and its partners will use the corridor for testing use cases including drone delivery of medical supplies, and aerial imaging for disaster management and response to remote areas. In this regard, DSTI has signed a Memorandum of Action with partners UNICEF-Sierra Leone, Njala University, and Korri Chiefdom to secure 25 acres of land for the testing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as drones.

Sierra Leone’s drone corridor will be one of six supported by UNICEF in the world and the technology promises to transform disaster management.

“The corridor means access to technology to provide immunizations and deliver medical supplies to children in need in remote areas during emergencies,” said Andrew T. Sellu, UNICEF Chief of Field Office.

In 2017, Malawi launched Africa’s first drone test corridor in partnership with UNICEF. There, industry, universities, and individuals have been able to test the use of drones for imagery, connectivity, and transport. The drone test corridor at Mokonde, Njala University will offer the same opportunities for learning and exploration for the use of drones in Sierra Leone and create research opportunities for students and fellows. The government’s Medium-Term National Development Plan recognizes the need to use advanced technologies to overcome existing challenges.

“Drone technology is an emerging field that offers the government the opportunity to test its impact on health service delivery to far-reaching regions of the country,” said Michaella George, Policy Lead, DSTI.

“Beyond telemedicine; the delivery of drugs, or medical equipment, research has shown that drones can be useful during and after disaster relief efforts. They can provide an instant telecommunications infrastructure, perform equipment/drug/patient delivery, enhance search and rescue efforts, assess damage, and map disaster zones.”

DSTI and Sierra Leone’s Civil Aviation Authority (SLCAA) are collaborating to develop policy recommendations and regulations for drone operations locally. The partnership with SLCAA will ensure that the nation’s aviation body will be involved with the research and the promotion and sensitization of the public on acceptable drone use.

The 25-acre drone testing corridor was well received by the Paramount Chief of Korri Chiefdom who sent a representative to express their commitment and support for the introduction of new technology for youth in their community.

“One community benefit of which I am convinced is that this project will help us overcome the challenges of access to rural areas during emergencies,” said Dr. Phillip Mornya, School of National Resources Management, Njala University.

Students, researchers, and staff from Njala University will have access to the Corridor. Njala student and staff will handle the day to day operations of the corridor while DSTI will provide technical leadership, and oversee the evaluation of licenses of drone operators, as well as lead the research around local test cases for drones in the corridor.

The Directorate of Science, Technology, and Innovation reaffirms its commitment to partners, researchers, and technologists interested in the exploration of drone technology both in the public and private sectors as Sierra Leone glides towards its first drone corridor. DSTI will announce details for program participation in due course.

Sierra Leone has digitized its national identification system to make it easier to deliver services to all citizens. The National Civil Registry Agency (NCRA) has launched an electronic identification system for 5.1 million citizens.

Nancy Gbamoi became the first person in Sierra Leone to open a bank account by accessing her digital ID with her thumbprint from the NCRA database. A teacher from Port Loko District, she said that this wasn’t her first bank account, but the digital identification will be easier to use.

“If you misplace your ID card and you want to use some money from the bank you won’t be able to make a financial transaction,” said Gbamoi.

“Now I’ll have access to my money even if I don’t have my ID with me.”

The digital ID after pilot testing and implementation for financial services will be rolled out as the principal means of identification for citizens seeking to receive services from the government. UN Sustainable Goal 16 requires all nations to provide legal identity for all citizens to build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions.

According to a World Bank 2018 Sierra Leone Financial Inclusion Project Fact Sheet, 12.4 percent of adults in Sierra Leone have a bank account. The total number of those with access to formal financial services, including mobile money is 19.8 percent. Opening a bank account starts with establishing the identity of each customer. Banks must meet a Know Your Customer (KYC) requirement, which prevents fraud and lets financial institutions verify and authenticate each account holder. A completed KYC must have an ID, address and in some cases referees. But in Sierra Leone identification is a burden both on banks and potential customers.

“A lot of our people still do not have their physical IDs. Even though the National Citizen Registry Registry holds about 5.1 million registrants of our citizens,” said Dr. Patricia Laverley, Deputy Minister of Finance.

“The new platform will help about 20% of financially excluded adults who are unable to access financial services because they lack the correct documentation to prove their identity.”

President Julius Maada Bio launched the digital platform, which is led by the Bank of Sierra Leone (BSL) in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance and supported by UNDP and Kiva. Kiva is an American company that gives loans to individuals who would otherwise not have access to credit from banks. They operate in 80 countries, including Sierra Leone.

“At the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly last year, I announced a partnership with the UN and Kiva to launch a bold new initiative designed to give a country’s several million citizens access to financial services. Today, we have accomplished that objective,” said President Bio.

“My government has developed a National Digital Identification Platform. I announce with pride that this is Africa’s first Blockchain and decentralized national digital ID system.”

Although Kiva is backstopping the platform with Kiva Protocol – a digital identification system that uses Blockchain distributed ledger technology, the NDIP data usage will be governed by Sierra Leone’s laws. The Directorate of Science, Technology, and Innovation provided the policy guidelines for use, access, and protection of citizen data.

“Kiva policy and technical team have met with us at DSTI several times to review and co-develop system architectures, deployment plans and agree on technical roadmaps,” said Dr. Moinina David Sengeh, Sierra Leone’s Chief Innovation Officer who heads the Directorate.

“We worked with partners in government to provide technical support where needed. For example, after NCRA reviewed the Data Protection Agreement, DSTI further scrutinized the agreement to ensure that the protection of data is a paramount activity even in this pilot. Because Sierra Leone does not have any current modern data protection laws, it is important that we use this process to enhance innovation, protect citizens while laying the groundwork for comprehensive legislation.”

The only way that anyone can access the citizen data is after that citizen has unlocked their ID and consented to share their data. Speaking at the launch of Africa’s first blockchain national data ID platform, Dr. Samuel Doe, UNDP Country Director for Sierra Leone, said that collaboration and determination allowed Sierra Leone to act in record speed.

“To develop a distributed ledger technology-based credit reference platform that will provide for national identity, financial profiles, and financial inclusion is a shining example of a whole of government response to a development challenge.”

Each registered citizen can unlock their digital ID with their thumbprint. Once unlocked citizens can grant access to their biodata to any institution connected to the digital ID platform. The technology that collects, stores, and makes the platform work is an encrypted distributed data storage system known as Blockchain. Blockchain ensures that the e-IDs will be decentralized, transferable, and where need be interoperable. Once deployed to national scale Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), will be able to use the digital ID to provide social services whenever a citizen grants them access.

The NCRA collected Nancy Gbamoi’s data along with over 3.1 million others who registered to vote for the 2018 elections. The NCRA database also includes 2 million additional citizen biometric data collected from the same for the 2012 elections, and other registers like government payroll for the civil service.

“For the government, a critical function we are seeking to optimize for is service delivery and citizen engagement. To ensure that the right citizen or resident gets their benefits and services at the right time, in the right place, we need to be able to authenticate who they are,” said Dr. Sengeh.

“We are hoping that this platform can be used to bring services to citizens across all spectrums: for those in far remote areas needing to access their postal mail or mobile money to those in cities wanting to pay for public and private sector services from their handheld devices. The opportunity is in our hands.”

Gbamoi’s biodata and other information unique to her is now digitally accessible. She and 5,1 million citizens now has a unique digital identity that the government can verify.

President Julius Maada Bio on his visit to Massachusetts Institute of Technology made a passionate call in a town hall in Massachusetts for technologists to join computer scientists at the newly formed Directorate of Science, Technology, and Innovation to solve Sierra Leone’s development problems. Mgcini Keith Thuthi a post-graduate physics student at MIT chose to answer the call.

In the president’s speech he spoke concerning the National Development plan and how people can look for a role they can play to execute the plan outsiders or not.

“We know that you can play a role and you are always welcome, we want you to come there is a wealth of knowledge here in this hall alone and around the United States and I invite you all to join us and make Sierra Leone a better place.”

Motivated by the President’s speech, Keith just had to come and honour the call of the President and the team from DSTI to be part of the technological change, he therefore abandoned his summer holiday vacation to spend that time in Sierra Leone.

It is no secret that the DSTI is an enthusiastic group of change makers formed by President Julius Maada Bio whose vision is to use technology and innovation for human capital development and national transformation and is being monitored by the Office of the Chief Minister.

Keith gave DSTI Media a heart warming interview when we caught up with him after his internship in Sierra Leone.

DSTI Media:- Why did you come to Sierra Leone?

Keith:-I wanted to do something in Africa before the summer break, before I go to graduate school. And I was talking to a few people a number of people from a delegation from Sierra Leone, including the President, and people from the DSTI came to my school, and talked about the projects that they were doing. And they mentioned a few that I found very interesting. And I talked with them, and decided that this is where I wanted to be over the summer break.

DSTI Media :- What attracted you to come to DSTI?

Keith:- The Free Quality Education Program was the one I found most interesting. And then there was also topics on energy, Ease of Doing Business and I found the whole project very ambitious

DSTI Media:- As you are from an African country why did you chose Sierra Leone?

Keith:- So I wanted to gain experience working in Africa, and again, after talking to the delegation that came, they seem very enthusiastic about the projects that they were working on and it was very interesting and ambitious. I therefore wanted to be part of something that was actively trying to do something positive.

DSTI Media:– What were your expectations coming to Sierra Leone?

Keith:- Yes, I had concerns. I did not know the language. I’ve never been to West Africa. The expectations I had the group seemed very enthusiastic and I was hoping that was actually the case that it wasn’t just a show that they were giving to us. And I think I found that it is it is a very ambitious group that’s working really hard, which was great.

DSTI Media:- Were your expectations met?

Keith:- Yes, I’m very satisfied with my experience, especially the work that we are doing, we are in a position where we are doing things that can actually affect people positively. The group of people that I see around, I noticed they care about their community, they care about Sierra Leone, they care about Africa, they care about what they’re doing. So to me, that’s the most valuable thing to have, because people are actually trying to make a positive difference. I’m happy to be a part of that, to tap into that, and possibly contribute to that as well.

DSTI Media:– On what projects have you contributed?

Keith:- So I’ve been working mostly with data science and innovation team mostly to do things that have to do with education. I think I came at a good time when a lot of discussions were starting. So that meant I could get involved from the beginning, became really useful to me to get on board. And so many things we’re talking about, finding ways to so one of the things that we want to do as the education team is to use data science to inform policymakers to use data for decision making one of the pillars of DSTI. Also one of the things we wanted to do was to help the Ministry of Education figure out a way to build more schools that’s one of the main things I’ve been working on.

In my time here we’ve changed our approach to so many things, and I think we are slowly getting to a point where we know how we can make these suggestions with schools or guide policymakers. And that it’s not just about making decisions, but we help them and give them any information they need to make that decision. So we are doing a lot of collecting data, keeping that data and then doing data science and analysis on top of that, to bring out any insights we can get anything in terms of answering the questions that people might have and then beyond that there’s also the issue of being able to communicate what you’re doing because that’s very important so that it has an effect, you must be able to go to stakeholders and say, we have these insights do you understand them, and can you use them.

DSTI Media:- What impact do you think this work will have on Sierra Leone?

Keith:- I think the real output of what we do translated into policy for policymakers, when they use our information we provide them, the tools we provide to make decisions. The output is reports and visualization. Things can be presented to stakeholders to say you have all these insights, you know a place where children have to travel 15 kilometres to go to school, if you’re to make decision, if the government is trying to build more classrooms, the information we have collected would help them make the right decision on which schools should benefit from that.

DSTI Media:- how do you feel being part of such contribution?

Keith:-I feel that it’s important work am contributing towards and it is just a piece or part of the whole system. So for anything we do to be successful we all need to work together. I feel like we can individually make different contributions, but we need to work together to get the outcome. So I’m yet to see if this affects anyone. In terms of education, success means whatever we come up with that affects the child in the classroom positively. In terms of my time here the contributions I have made might trickle down to a student who can maybe go to a new school or get on the bus to go to school.

DSTI Media:– You as a technologist, what lessons have you learned working at DSTI Sierra Leone?

Keith:- Every day, I learn a lot of new things working here that I certainly didn’t know what to do when I got here I still don’t know how to do everything. Half of my time is spent looking at how to do things. So technically, I learned a lot faster now looking at data and analyzing data, because I have been practicing it over the last few months.

So technical skills, I think I gained a lot and improve what I had before.

DSTI Media:- So how do you find the work environment?

I feel like this is one of the best work environments I’ve had. I really enjoyed it. The people are friendly, they help each other, we have open discussions. Everyone’s opinion is important. And we come to a unanimous decision on what to do next, so this makes everyone feel like they’re contributing.

DSTI Media:- What recommendations do you have for others in others in tech?

Keith:- My advice I would give is start now there’s so much that can be done. If you have even the slightest idea and the simplest ideas bring them here. And those little things when you build them up, those things help build your CV for future employers.

The MIT-Sierra Leone Program has organized its first learning workshop for educators in Sierra Leone. The seminar at Njala University was a three-day (August 5-7th, 2019) short course on problem-solving approaches in higher education. The MIT-Sierra Leone Program is a partnership between the Government of Sierra Leone through the Directorate of Science, Technology, and Innovation (DSTI), and the Ministry of Technical & Higher Education.

“Since the launch of the MIT-Sierra Leone Program it has been a pleasure to have Njala University as an affiliate of the Jameel World Education Lab (J-WEL) MIT’s higher education initiative,” said Professor Hazel Sive, who is the founding coordinator of MIT-Africa. The MIT-Africa Short Course is a new initiative. It not only focuses on strengthening the link between Njala and MIT, but it creates a bridge between MIT and Sierra Leone’s universities to improve curricula.

Sive is a professor of biological sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge where she also focuses on the evolving role of faculty in teaching and scaling of curriculum reform. She leads the MIT-Sierra Leone Program launched in March this year after a high-level government delegation led by President Julius Maada Bio visited Boston.

“One of the first things President Bio asked us to do at DSTI was to create links between Sierra Leone and world-class institutions globally. So we went to Harvard and MIT because they are the best higher education institutions in the world,” said Dr. Moinina David Sengeh, Chief Innovation Officer, DSTI.

” This unique and historic partnership formed between Sierra Leone and MIT less than six months ago has led to over a dozen bilateral exchanges of talent and resources. These interactions are already leading to several new solutions that will impact the lives of everyday citizens in the entrepreneurial, and education sectors.”

Present were representatives from all public higher education institutions in Sierra Leone including; Ernest Bai Koroma University, Milton Margai, and Kenema Polytechnic. With this course, Njala University opened its doors to share knowledge gained from its affiliation with MIT’s J-WEL. Top on the agenda for educators and government was curricula reform-turn college graduates into entrepreneurial 21st Century problem solvers.

“We hope that the representatives here are not only learning but trying to translate what they have learned by looking at their curricula and trying to incorporate some of these best practices to enhance the capability and the marketability of our products which are the graduates from our institutions,” said Fatmata Kaiwa, the Director of Science & Education at the Ministry of Technical & Higher Education.

The Government of Sierra Leone has committed 21% of the country’s budget to education. The highest on record to date. The focus on education is at every level; pre-primary to tertiary. Also, a human capital development incubator has been launched at State House to further demonstrate the New Direction’s commitment to learning, innovation, and research.

“The World Bank has been working with the Government of Sierra Leone to strengthen the education sector in the country. We are keen to build the foundations for the demanded skills development in the country which will help the country build strong intellectual human capital,” said Dr. Mari Shojo, Senior Education Specialist, Education Global Practice, World Bank.

DSTI and its partners; the World Bank, UNICEF, MIT, national educators and policymakers across all Ministries, Departments, and Agencies are collaborating to develop a national ecosystem to improve learning outcomes from beginning to the end of the education lifecycle. Through academic exchange and research, the MIT-Sierra Leone Program allows educators to learn world-class techniques to make students successful.